Quotes • Representation: “The process by which the media present the ‘real world’” – (Rayner) • The matter of images: “How we are seen determines how we are treated, how we treat others is based on how we see them. How we see them comes from representation” – (Richard Dyer) • “A stereotype is a label which involves a process of categorisation and evaluation…an easily grasped characteristic (usually negative) is presumed to belong to a whole group” – (o’sullivan, Dutton and Rayner) • “Youth becomes an empty category in representation – reflects adults concerns” • “Media representation of youth does not reflect reality of youth identity” - (Giroux) • “media representation of youth maintain social order/hegemony” - (acland) • “Youth subcultures resist hegemony through style” - (Hebdige) • “media representations of youth reinforce hegemony” - (Cohen) • “Dominant ideology reinforced through different groups including the media” - (Althusser) • “Media has some influence on how people understand identities” - (Gauntlet) • Social hegemony – The idea that one social class (usually the middle class) is able to dominate a society by making their way of life and values appear normal, natural and common sense, As a result other social classes accept these values as the normal way of life” - (Gramsci) Rayner - :“The process by which the media present the real world” - Representation Theory Bloomer & Katz : ”Escapism - Escape from everyday problems and routine, Personal Identity - Seeing yourself reflected in texts Personal Relationships - Finding a connection with someone in a text Surveillance - Keeping up to date with news and current information” -Audience Gratification Theory Stuart Hall: - “When a media institution releases a specific message which is then interpreted independently by different audiences. The resulting message is different than the original. - Encoding & Decoding Abraham Maslow : - ” The motivation of people and recognise their needs such as security needs and psychological needs In response movies can meet these needs.” - Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs